Open University Malaysia Knowledge Repository: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited. 2024-03-28T15:39:18ZEPrintshttp://library.oum.edu.my/images/New-Logo-Header.pnghttp://library.oum.edu.my/repository/13592012023-09-07T06:45:38Z2023-09-07T06:45:38Zhttp://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/1555This item is in the repository with the URL: http://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/15552023-09-07T06:45:38ZGeneration Y’s behavioural usage of small businesses’ retail websites: gender differencePurpose
To better understand continuities and changes in consumer behaviour, it is also important to examine the original antecedents of unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2 (UTAUT2). Studying Generation Y is crucial for developing competitive online marketing strategies, as Generation Y plays a substantial role in online purchases. Therefore, this study aims to examine the actual use of small business websites based on the UTAUT2 among Generation Y.
Design/methodology/approach
A total of 375 valid questionnaires were collected via a systematic sampling among Generation Y in Canada. All participants in the study had at least a high school education, were internet and computer literate, and had purchased a good/service from the retail websites of Canadian small businesses.
Findings
The results show performance expectancy, hedonic motivation, social influence and habit have significant effects on behavioural intentions. The habit and behavioural intentions also have significant effects on actual usage of small businesses’ retail websites. Additionally, this study supported the significant difference between male and female UTAUT2 models.
Practical implications
The study examines how small retail businesses can attract and retain Generation Y customers by improving their website’s performance. Performance expectancy, hedonic motivation and social influence are significant factors in determining behavioral intention. Small businesses can enhance their website usability, design and content to increase customer satisfaction and loyalty. Hedonic motivation is crucial for Generation Y customers, who seek pleasure and excitement when visiting websites. Social influence is crucial for male customers, whereas performance expectancy, hedonic motivation and habit are more important for female customers. The study also suggests that Canadian governments should encourage online purchasing to increase the usage of small retail business websites.
Originality/value
This study provided few valuable insights into small businesses’ retail websites behavioural intentions and actual usage between males and females in Canada.Allen LimLee Goi Chai Peter DellMei Teh Goi2023-09-07T03:27:44Z2023-09-07T03:27:44Zhttp://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/1552This item is in the repository with the URL: http://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/15522023-09-07T03:27:44ZThe development of a research framework for inventory performance improvement of the automotive manufacturing industry: review of literature from 2011-2020The main purpose of this study is to examine existing literature on how inventory performance in the automotive manufacturing supply chain can be improved. Articles reviewed are from the last ten years that is related to automotive manufacturing industry and targeted to inventory performance. Transformational changes are happening in the automotive manufacturing supply chains with ubiquitous technology leading the transformation. Inherently, due to its outsourced manufacturing in dispersed locations globally, communication and coordination would be affected in some form. This results in companies in the automotive manufacturing supply chain resorting to hold more inventory to mitigate the uncertainty. Therefore, to address this issue, this study conceptualises a theoretical framework that is adapted from Galbraith’s (1974) Organisational Information Processing Theory. The recommended framework may provide a guide to practitioners on understanding the intricacies of supply chain integration and how technology tools may help in mitigating risks and improve inventory performance (Abstract by authors) Manoharan Murugeson Mohd Nazri Mohd Noor Arumugam G Sithamparam2023-09-07T03:21:33Z2023-09-07T03:21:33Zhttp://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/1551This item is in the repository with the URL: http://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/15512023-09-07T03:21:33ZIntention to participate in tax evasion: a survey of accounting and non-accounting background employeesTax evasion is still justified by Malaysian citizens as being tolerable and acceptable, as seen by the greater number of tax evasion cases and rise in unpaid tax figures in the country. This study examines the connection between attitude, perceived behaviour control and subjective norms towards tax evasion behaviour between the accounting and non-accounting background. (Abstract by authors) Noral Hidayah Alwi Bibi Nabi Ahmad Khan Zahir Osman2023-08-29T03:52:09Z2023-08-29T03:52:09Zhttp://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/1550This item is in the repository with the URL: http://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/15502023-08-29T03:52:09ZIncreasing E-learning Modalities through Creative Use of Technology in the Post-Pandemic EraThe post-Pandemic Era leaves us with the question of whether to pursue the move toward digital education or step back into face-to-face education. The reasons for the debate can vary from the lack of infrastructure to stringent national qualification agencies. Regardless, the pandemic has taught us to be adaptable. As such, progress must be made in both formats, digital and conventional education. In moving e-learning forward while coping with diverse needs of global education across geographical, age, ethnicity, and socioeconomic boundaries, the inclusion of read, watch, and listen (RWL) modalities becomes essential. Successful deliveries of different modalities lie in creativity and creative use of technology that is driven by the achievement of targeted learning outcomes. This chapter attempts to discuss the experience of creating RWL modalities by embracing the universal design, and other creative use of technology to develop twenty-first century learners. (Abstract by authors) Thirumeni Subramaniam Md Rosli Ismail2023-08-29T03:47:45Z2023-08-29T03:48:53Zhttp://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/1542This item is in the repository with the URL: http://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/15422023-08-29T03:47:45ZHealthcare Service Quality Gaps During Covid-19 Pandemic: Secondary Analysis From Patient Satisfaction SurveysService quality is one of the leading performance dimensions for organisational efficieny.
In the healthcare industry, service quality is a major determinant for patient satisfaction.
Maintaining patient satisfaction is critical to achieving excellent clinical outcomes in any
patients. The COVID-19 pandemic, has disrupted the healthcare system and impacted the
healthcare service quality delivery. This study investigated the healthcare service quality
during the pandemic, by performing secondary analysis on readily available SERVQUAL
datasets obtained during the pandemic through routine patient satisfaction surveys, in a
tertiary healthcare centre that manages severe COVID-19 cases. This study discovered
that significant service quality gaps existed in all quality dimensions at the inpatient
setting during the pandemic, with Tangible service quality being the most negatively
impacted. During the pandemic, hospitalised patients also significantly expected for
Assurance and Outcome service quality dimensions. When IPA approach was applied to
the datasets, service quality items from the Tangible, Reliability, and Responsiveness
dimensions were identified as the priority areas for quality improvement during a
pandemic. This research could help healthcare managers effectively direct their resources
when launching quality improvement intervention. Finally, with these findings,
sustainable healthcare system that can withstand difficult and challenging crises can be
properly planned to maintain satisfactory service quality in the Malaysian hospitals. Sharon Linus Lojikip2023-08-21T08:33:06Z2023-08-21T08:33:06Zhttp://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/1548This item is in the repository with the URL: http://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/15482023-08-21T08:33:06ZIon Conductive Polymer Electrolyte Membranes and Fractal Growth Shahizat Amir Nor Sabirin Mohamed Siti Aishah Hashim Ali2023-08-17T01:51:04Z2023-08-17T01:51:04Zhttp://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/1541This item is in the repository with the URL: http://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/15412023-08-17T01:51:04ZHubungan antara pengetahuan dan kemahiran guru dengan pelaksanaan belajar melalui bermain di prasekolahKejayaan pelaksanaan belajar melalui bermain di prasekolah amat bergantung kepada
tahap pengetahuan dan tahap kemahiran guru. Kajian ini dilaksanakan bertujuan
mengkaji tahap pengetahuan dan kemahiran guru dalam melaksanakan belajar melalui
bermain. Selain itu, tujuan kajian juga adalah untuk melihat hubungan di antara
pengetahuan dan kemahiran guru dengan pelaksanaan belajar melalui bermain di
prasekolah. Kajian ini dilaksanakan secara kuantitatif menggunakan rekabentuk kajian
tinjauan. Seramai 56 orang guru tadika swasta di Daerah Marang, Terengganu telah
dipilih sebagai responden untuk kajian ini. Instrumen soal selidik digunakan bagi
memperoleh data kajian. Data dianalisis menggunakan aplikasi Statistical Package for
Social Science (SPSS) versi 28.0. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan tahap pengetahuan dan
tahap kemahiran yang tinggi oleh responden dalam melaksanakan aktiviti belajar melalui
bermain di mana tahap pengetahuan menunjukkan min 4.35 dan min tahap kemahiran
adalah 4.31. Dapatan kajian juga menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan di antara
pengetahuan (r =.849, p <.005) dan kemahiran guru (r = .828, p < .005) dengan
pelaksanaan belajar melalui bermain di prasekolah. Keseluruhan kajian menunjukkan
bahawa pengetahuan dan kemahiran guru sangat penting dalam menjayakan pelaksanaan
belajar melalui bermain bagi membantu perkembangan sosial, emosi, kognitif dan fizikal
kanak-kanak secara bersepadu dan holistik. Norsaliza Sidek2023-08-17T01:46:00Z2023-08-17T01:46:00Zhttp://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/1540This item is in the repository with the URL: http://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/15402023-08-17T01:46:00ZKonsep kesyumulan akad dalam Al-Quran: Analisa dari pemikiran Hamka tentang akad dalam tafsir Al-AzharTerdapat banyak ayat tentang akad di dalam al-Quran, salah satu darinya berupa
perintah dari Allah kepada orang-orang beriman agar sentiasa memenuhi akad yang
dibuat, iaitu dalam surah al-Maidah ayat yang pertama. Kebanyakan orang Islam hari ini
memahami akad berupa ikatan ijab dan qabul dan dalam ruang-lingkup kekeluargaan
dan muamalat harta sahaja. Namun para mufassirin memahami akad dengan
merangkumi ikatan dengan Allah dan ikatan sesama manusia, tidak tertakluk dengan
ikatan dua pihak sahaja iaitu ijab dan qabul, sebaliknya merangkumi juga ikatan atau
komitmen sepihak. Maka kajian ini menganalisa akad menurut al-Quran berdasarkan
kefahaman ahli-ahli tafsir, bertujuan mendapat kepastian tentang konsep kesyumulan
akad dalam Islam dari sudut pandangan al-Quranul Karim. Bahan analisa ialah
pemikiran Hamka tentang akad di dalam tafsirnya al-Azhar sebagai bahan utama, di
samping pandangan-pandangan mufassir yang lain sebagai sokongan dan
perbandingan. Metode kajian ialah kualitatif, dengan rekabentuk analisis konten
(kandungan). Pengumpulan data membabitkan dua elemen iaitu kajian perpustakaan dan
temubual. Penganalisaan data pula menggunakan kaedah analisis deskripsi dan
kesimpulan dibuat mengggunakan kaedah induktif. Hasil kajian mendapati ciri-ciri
kesyumulan akad benar-benar terserlah dalam pemikiran Hamka ketika beliau
mentafsirkan beberapa ayat berkaitan akad di dalam al-Quran. Teori-teori tentang akad
yang dianalisa dari pemikiran Hamka merangkumi maksud akad, ruang-lingkup akad,
kategori-kategori akad dan prinsip-prinsip yang mendasari akad. Semuanya
menzahirkan natijah menyokong konsep kesyumulan akad di dalam Islam dilihat dari
perpektif al-Quranul Karim. Ahmad Adnan Fadzil2023-08-17T01:25:48Z2023-08-17T01:25:48Zhttp://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/1547This item is in the repository with the URL: http://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/15472023-08-17T01:25:48ZAcademic Performance of APEL Students in Open and Distance LearningAccreditation of Prior Experiential Learning (APEL) has paved greater access to lifelong learning opportunities. The systematic
process of assessing prior learning for gaining access to higher education and accreditations for courses is a game-changing movement
in Malaysian Education. Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) introduced the Open Entry Admission System in 2006
and gave the mandate to the Open University Malaysia to be the pioneer for operationalising it nationwide. The main objective
of introducing APEL in Malaysia is to democratise education and develop human capital. The enrolment of students entering
open and distance learning (ODL) institutions through the APEL system has increased over the years. More universities have
been appointed to be the assessment centres. However, there is a lack of studies investigating the performance of students who
have undergone the APEL system for admission. Thus, this study aims to examine the academic performance of APEL
students and how their demographic factors influence academic performance. A quantitative research approach will be employed
to collect data on students’ academic performance based on the CGPA and demographic information. The population of this
study was all learners under the Faculty of Business and Management (FBM). The results showed demographic factors such as
age, marital status and type of programme does influence the APEL entrants’ academic performance (CGPA) This is significant
findings as ODL institutions will be able to take necessary proactive measures to establish appropriate action for curbing dropout
rates. (Abstract by authors) Norfardilawati Musa Christina Mary Richard Harvinder Kaur Dharam Singh Cik Norazlina Mohamad Rosinah Mahmood2023-08-17T01:00:53Z2023-08-17T01:01:01Zhttp://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/1546This item is in the repository with the URL: http://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/15462023-08-17T01:00:53ZSecondary School Students’ Counselling Needs: What Components Are Important?Catering the difficulties and challenges of secondary school students is delicate. Receiving adequate information and
support both mentally and emotionally at this stage is crucial for their development shortly before and after they
graduate school, thus needing serious attention from school counsellors. Conducting comprehensive and effective
counselling programmes addressing the said issues requires identification of the specific needs of their students. This
study was conducted to identify the components of counselling needs perceived as important by secondary school
students themselves. This study applied the qualitative research design with phenomenological techniques due to its
relevance in describing and understanding the components of counselling needs outlined by the research objective. The
participants involved 16 secondary school students who were purposively selected from two secondary schools in
Selangor, Malaysia. The data were collected through semi-structured focus group interview sessions and analysed
using the Thematic Analysis method. From the analysis, it was found that the components of counselling needs
perceived as important by the research participants are grouped into six different categories; leading with personal
development needs, then emotional needs, career development needs, academic needs, peer relationship needs, and
family needs respectively. Other than helping school counsellors strategise their work in assisting students to endure
their life challenges, the identified counselling needs components can also assist researchers in developing instruments
related to counselling needs assessment. (Abstract by authors) Mohd Azli Jailani Nuzha Mohd Taha Sofia Elias2023-08-17T00:49:14Z2023-08-17T00:49:14Zhttp://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/1545This item is in the repository with the URL: http://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/15452023-08-17T00:49:14Z21st Century Literacy Skills Among Open Distance LearnersDue to ever changing business environment in the 21st century, employers are demanding a workforce with a
different set of skills today. Employers have raised their concerns about the need for a future workforce due to
dynamic change in the working place. The workforce needs to be able to handle tough situations which include a
well-rounded skills from various areas. Digitalisation is one of the main changes that make the market operation
change from physical brick and mortar business to online and virtual business. Skills are needed to be
implemented, emphasised and introduced in the education system. Hence, this study aims to study the 21st century
literacy skills in open and distance learning (ODL). ODL is a learning that is flexible and conducted online with
mainly working adults. This study studies the learning outcomes of a course based on the affective, behavioural and
cognitive domains. The results of this study would be able to provide insight to higher education on the improvising
the syllabus covered in order to meet the aims of Malaysian 21st Century Learning (Pembelajaran Abad ke-21
(PAK21)). (Abstract by authors) Raziana Che AzizChooi Chea Chiam Zulaihan Ismail2023-06-28T01:13:52Z2023-06-28T01:13:52Zhttp://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/1539This item is in the repository with the URL: http://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/15392023-06-28T01:13:52ZImpacts of internal audit on the financial performance of commercial banks in MalaysiaIt has been widely accepted that an internal audit is a simple administrative function that
involves reviewing documents, calculating assets, and reporting to the Board of Directors,
Management, or External Auditors. Due to a lack of personnel and management support, as
well as inadequate training and development, Malaysia suffers from significant Internal
Audit deficiencies. Yet there hasn't been an in-depth examination of the above concerns with
a focus on the fundamental causes of successful internal auditing, notably in commercial
banks. Therefore, the current study examines the impacts of internal audits on the financial
performance of commercial banks in Malaysia. In this regard, a descriptive research approach
will be employed to address the research questions. (Absrract by author) Muhammad Azri Nor Hashim2023-06-28T00:35:39Z2023-06-28T00:35:39Zhttp://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/1538This item is in the repository with the URL: http://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/15382023-06-28T00:35:39ZImprove the productivity of rubber bushings in a rubber moulding company by applying the Lean PrincipleThe rubber moulding manufacturing businesses are facing problems to fulfil the
customer requirements and stay competitive with the global players in terms of cost,
quality and services. Some of the notable rubber moulding industries are unable to meet
the customer requirements in the aspect of delivery time and demand. One of the
reasons why most of the rubber moulding manufacturing companies are still unable to
implement lean manufacturing systems due to a lack of knowledge and information.
The drive for yearly cost savings from automotive customers has driven suppliers to
research ways to improve production efficiency and raise production. Companies are
continuously searching for new instruments to optimise manufacturing processes,
which provide considerable increases in productivity, savings and customer
satisfaction. This study aims to reduce waste and increase the productivity of the rubber
moulding manufacturing process by using the Lean principles, which can help identify
waste from information flow, material flow, and process flow. In this study, lean
principles with the support of the Ishikawa Diagram were able to find the highest
cessation process that contributed to non-value-added activities in rubber production.
Finishing processes, which have the highest process steps selected for improvement
study. The study shows that productivity increased by implementing the cellular
manufacturing principles. A complete process step can be reduced from 22.5 hours to
0.5 hours in the Finishing process. (Abstract by author) Gopi Simathari2023-06-28T00:28:13Z2023-06-28T00:36:34Zhttp://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/1536This item is in the repository with the URL: http://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/15362023-06-28T00:28:13ZParents’ modelling of technology usage and children’s engagement in online learning
Parental modelling has become an essential reference for children to form desirable
behaviours as children grow up. Therefore, parents must model appropriate actions for
their children to observe. This quantitative study examined the relationship between
parents’ awareness of their role as a model of technology usage and children’s
engagement in online learning. Other variables explored concerning the main variables
included parents’ perception of technology usage, parents’ technology usage, and
children’s technology usage. The respondents in the study comprised 385 Malaysian
parents and their four to six-year-old children. Data collected via a virtual platform or
face-to-face interaction included parents from all the states in Malaysia. The findings
indicated that parents’ awareness of their role as a model of technology usage was not
related to their children’s engagement in online learning. Instead, it showed that
parents’ perception of technology usage was positively related to their children’s
technology usage, and children’s technology usage was positively related to their online
learning engagement. Therefore, the findings imply that parents need to equip
themselves with the proper perception of technology usage, as their perception may
affect their children’s technology usage and engagement in online learning. (Abstract by author)
Ashrynn Yazmeen Nuraiman Jasnin2023-06-28T00:21:52Z2023-06-28T00:21:52Zhttp://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/1535This item is in the repository with the URL: http://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/15352023-06-28T00:21:52ZPenyelesaian terhadap konflik ketidakseragaman undang-undang jenayah Syariah di Malaysia: Suatu analisis bagi kesalahan tatasusilaThe jurisdiction of Syariah Court is very limited which causes the development of the
implementation of Syariah criminal laws since the colonial period until now to be very
slow. The conflict of legislation between civil law and Islamic law are remains until now.
In fact, shariah criminal law also faces a variety of problems due to the diversity of
policies and provisions of the law, shapes and the number of punishments set by the state's
government. Hence, the objectives of this study are to clarify the framework of shariah
criminal law in Malaysia regarding disciplinary offences, to analyse the conflict of its
inconsistency and to propose the solution methods towards the conflict of inconsistencies
of such laws. In summary, disciplinary offences are offences related to moral and sexual.
The provisions of laws relating to these offences can be found in the The State Syariah
Criminal Offences Act/ Enactment. The findings indicate that The Enforcement and
Prosecution Divisions needs to be improved so that the enforcement of syariah criminal
law can be empowered. Various parties should work hand-in-hand in order to standardise
the law of these disciplinary offences so that they can be enforced and implemented in a
more orderly manner. Moreover, the existing laws need to be amended from time to time
to ensure that they are in line with local current needs and fulfilling the Islamic law
requirements. Hence, the Act 355 needs to be amended in advance to enable The State Norizan A. Razak2023-03-16T00:27:56Z2023-03-16T00:28:13Zhttp://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/1534This item is in the repository with the URL: http://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/15342023-03-16T00:27:56ZThe impact of social media marketing on working adults’ purchase intention via e-commerce after Covid-19 pandemicTechnological advancement has been vulnerable in complimenting how consumer
conduct their buying behavior. Social media, has fast been becoming a popular platform
for dealers to reach customers when promoting and introducing products o gain more
business opportunities and profits. Social Media continues to evolve in facilitating
business and service growth by incorporating improved features to ease online
interactions. This research aims to determine the impact of social media marketing on the
factors influencing online purchasing intention via e-commerce among working adults in
Malaysia after the Covid-19 pandemic. The pandemic has made online purchasing an
excellent choice for conducting business transactions, mainly for safety and fear of
getting into close contact with persons infected by the deadly virus. Hence, it is necessary
to explore the insights on consumer buying intention from the perspective of scientific
research in the business discipline that has become the objective of this study. The
findings have successfully proven that the independent variables, i.e., the perceived
Customer Trust (CT), perceived Product Usefulness (PU), perceived Service Quality
(SQ), and perceived Social Media Marketing (SMM), do have significantly influenced
the consumers purchasing intention after Covid-19 pandemic. The impact of social media
marketing on working adults’ purchase intention via e-commerce after Covid-19 has
resulted in a positive future outlook, especially towards business entities. The influence
of social media marketing itself towards working adults can help those involved in
advertisement and content-creating industries to continuously conduct research with the
possibility of taking up their creative skills to a higher level. (Abstract by author) Abdul Rahman Ibrahim2023-02-28T02:28:03Z2023-02-28T02:36:03Zhttp://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/1533This item is in the repository with the URL: http://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/15332023-02-28T02:28:03ZA study on time based for visual inspectors at Western Digital Batu Kawan production lineThis research is aimed to develop time-based guidelines that can help to preserve the
optical health of the visual inspectors at SanDisk Storage Malaysia (a WD company).
The research objectives is to identify the time patterns where defect escapees occur, to
analyse relationship between time and visual acuity and also to develop time based
guidelines for Visual Inspection operators. The method employed to analyse this is by
analysing a set of data retrieved from the system called Defect Escapee data. This data is
based on the number of drives inspected by first inspection station called VMI (Visual
Manual Inspection)3 but then detected as reject in the second inspection station; FQA
(Final Quality Assurance). Data analysis shows that there is a pattern between the time
that had lapsed in continuous visual inspection task and the occurrences of escapee from
VMI3 to FQA station. To confirm these findings two sets of controlled experiment was
conducted on which the visual inspectors were given 15 minutes break after every 1 hour
of inspection before they resume their visual inspection task. Another set, is where after
every 1.5 hours of visual inspection task, the visual inspectors were asked to swap duties
with mechanical assembly or manual related tasks before they return to their visual
inspection tasks after 1.5 hours. In conclusion, there is a correlation between continuous
inspection and defect detecting accuracy. The accuracy is inversely proportionate to time.
The longer the time spent in continuous visual inspection, the lesser the visual inspection
accuracy. This study is beneficial for organizations having visual inspection as part of
their process. The research results able to give insight to the process owners to develop
the most suitable work pattern for their employees stationed at Visual Inspection work
cells. (Abstratct by author)S. Rama Naidu Puspavathi2023-02-14T04:24:21Z2023-02-28T02:31:42Zhttp://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/1537This item is in the repository with the URL: http://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/15372023-02-14T04:24:21ZThe Relationship between customer satisfaction, Corporate Social Responsibility activities towards customer loyalty in TNB Kuantan PahangThe potential opening of the power sector's retail space will give customers more options to buy their electricity and is likely to have earnings impact on Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB). As of right now, TNB is the only retail energy provider in Peninsular Malaysia. Recent reports suggested that the government was investigating the possibility of allowing new energy suppliers to enter the market and the findings are expected to be made public in the near future. Loyalty on the part of customers is recognized as one of the most important goals that TNB should strive for in order to build a sustainable advantage in the market. Customer loyalty is one of the most important yardsticks for achievement for unique organizations in a competitive business climate. It is shown by the customers' continued patronage of the unique enterprises. The degree to which customers are committed to the missions, priorities, products, and services that TNB reveals a lot about how successful their business is in the marketplace. This study is to examine the relationship between TNB Corporate Social Responsibility activities and Customer Satisfaction Index towards Customer Loyalty for TNB customers in Kuantan, Pahang. The quantitative survey method was used to collect the data. Part of customers of TNB were chosen as the sample of the study. The result of preliminary analyses, testes, discusses and come out the result of all variables of study, the factor analysis, correlation, and the regressions analyses on the direct and indirect relationship among the variables. The result revealed direct significant relationships between the independent variables (corporate social responsibility and customer satisfaction) and dependent variable (customer loyalty). Juriana Yusoh2023-02-08T04:01:49Z2023-02-08T04:01:49Zhttp://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/1532This item is in the repository with the URL: http://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/15322023-02-08T04:01:49ZDirect and Indirect Relationship of Employee Engagement, Corporate Image, Employee Loyalty, and Business Performance among Private Business OrganizationsThis study is very crucial for private business organizations to achieve business performanceby formulating short and long-term strategies and plans to achieve the set businessperformance. The topic being studied is important for private organizations because it willallow organizations to improve their performance and business sustainability in the future.The purpose of this study is to measure the direct and indirect relationship betweenemployee engagement, employee loyalty, corporate image, and business performance. Thisstudy uses a quantitative approach by using primary data for data analysis. A total of 329clean data were used in data analysis using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)technique. This study uses Smartpls3 software to analyze multivariate data and the proposedhypotheses. Furthermore, model measurement and structural model assessment procedureswere also carried out by using Smartpls3. An assessment of construct reliability and validitywas done to confirm the existence of convergent validity and reliability. Then, discriminantvalidity is assessed by calculating cross-loadings and Hetrotrait-Monotrait (HTMT) ratios.Next, the inner model was assessed and from the results of hypotheses testing, it was foundthat employee engagement does not have a direct relationship with business performance,while employee loyalty and corporate image have a direct relationship with businessperformance. On the other hand, employee loyalty and corporate image have a significantmediating effect on the relationship between employee engagement and businessperformance. Findings from the analysis show that employee loyalty and corporate image areimportant mediators in the relationship between employee engagement and businessperformance. For future studies, it is suggested that other variables such as leadership style.Organizational commitment and peer influence are to be included in the model so that it will better perspective on the factors influencing the business performance of privateorganizations business performance.
Zahir Osman Rose Ruziana Samad Noral Hidayah Alwi Bibi Nabi Ahmad Khan2023-02-08T03:28:06Z2023-02-08T03:28:06Zhttp://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/1531This item is in the repository with the URL: http://library.oum.edu.my/repository/id/eprint/15312023-02-08T03:28:06ZTax Evasion Behavior among Salaried Worker in Malaysia: A Socio-Psychological FrameworkThe purpose of this study is to determine the factors that may influence individuals in Malaysia to engage in tax evasion. Three independent variables (attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control), one mediating variable (tax knowledge), and one dependent variable (tax evasion intention) are included. This report will utilize a quantitative method of analysis, relying on primary data. This study evaluates the direct relationship between attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control with tax knowledge, and the direct relationship between tax knowledge with tax evasion intention. Primary data were utilized in this study and a survey questionnaire which was adopted and adapted from previous studies was used for data collection. 204 clean data were used in the data analysis by utilizing the structural equation modeling technique. SPSS software and Smartpls version 4 software will be used for the assessment of direct and indirect relationships and hypotheses testing of the model. This research will provide valuable information into how to deal with the intention of paid workers in Malaysia to engage in tax evasion behaviour. Initially, the construct validity and reliability were assessed in order to determine the measurement model's convergent validity. Next, the Hetrotrait-Monotrait (HTMT) ratios and cross-loading were used to evaluate and corroborate the discriminant validity. The structural model was then evaluated, and the results of the hypothesis testing show that attitude and subjective norm have a positive and significant influence on tax knowledge and that tax knowledge has a significant impact on tax evasion behaviour. (Abstract by authors) Noral Hidayah Alwi Zahir Osman Bibi Nabi Ahmad Khan