This paper focuses on the pedagogical responsibilities of parents and schools, as well as the care provided by socializing agencies and local communities. A review of the literature has been carried out on the tasks of schools and parents and the relations between education, parenting and care in a changing society in eight countries: the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, England, France, Sweden and the United States. In addition, an email survey among international experts in Europe and the United States through the European Research Network about Parents in Education and the International Network of Scholars was conducted. This paper presents the results of both studies.

Keywords: Care; Communities; Parents; Schools